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Impact of Land Use Change and Land Management on Irrigation Water Supply in Northern Java Coast Suria Darma Tarigan; Rudolf Kristian Tukayo
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.169-176

In Indonesia, paddy irrigation covers an area of 7,230,183 ha. Ten percent (10%) of those area or 797,971 ha were supplied by reservoirs. As many as 237,790 ha (30%) of those area supplied by reservoirs are situated downstream of Citarum Watershed called Northern Java Coast Irrigation Area or Pantura. Therefore, Citarum watershed is one of the most important watershed in Indonesia. Citarum is also categorized as one of most degraded watershed in Java. The study aimed to evaluate influence of land use change on irrigation water supply in Citarum watershed and land management strategies to reduce the impact. Tremendous land use change occurred in the past ten years in Citarum watershed. Settlement areas increases more than a double during 2000 to 2009 (81,686 ha to 176,442 ha) and forest area decreased from 71,750 ha to 9,899 ha in the same time period. Land use change influences irrigation water supply through 2 factors: a) decreasing storage capacity of watershed (hydrologic functions) for dry season, and b) decreasing storage capacity of reservoirs due to the sedimentation. Change of Citarum watershed hydrologic function was analyzed using 24 years’ time series discharge data (1984-2008) in combination with rainfall data from 2000 to 2008. Due to the land use change in this time period, discharge tend to decrease despite of increasing trendof rainfall. As a result irrigation area decreased 9,355 ha during wet season and 10,170 ha during dry season in the last ten years. Another threat for sustainability of water irrigation supply is reservoir sedimentation. Sedimentation rate in the past 10 years has reduced upper Citarum reservoir (Saguling) half-life period (½ capacity sedimented) from 294 to 28 years. If proper land management strategies be carried out, the half-life period of Saguling reservoir can be extended up to 86,4 yearsKeywords: Citarum watershed, improved land management, irrigation water supply, land use change, sedimentation [How to Cite: Tarigan SD and RK Tukayo. 2013.Impact of Land Use Change and Land Management on Irrigation Water Supply in Northern Java Coast. JTrop Soils 18 (2): 169-176. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.169][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.169]REFERENCESAsdak. 2004. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).BBWSC [Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum]. 2011. Peta Informasi Citarum 2011. Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air Departemen Pekerjaan Umum (in Indonesian).Bols PL. 1978. Iso Erodents Map of Java Madura. Technical Assistant Project ATA 105. Soil Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia. 39 ppBPDAS [Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai] Citarum Ciliwung. 2008a. Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu – DAS Citarum (Buku I: Laporan utama). BPDAS Citarum Ciliwung, Ditjen RLPS Dephut. Bogor (in Indonesian).BPDAS [Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai] Citarum Ciliwung. 2008b. Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu – DAS Citarum (Buku II: Data dan Informasi). BPDAS Citarum-Ciliwung, Ditjen RLPS Dephut. Bogor (in Indonesian).Bruijnzeel LA. 2004. Hydrological functions of tropical forests: Not seeing the soil for the trees? Agric Ecosyst Environ 104: 185-228.Cita. 2012. Dua puluh dua (22) Hotspost in the Citarum River Basin. www.citarum.org. Accesed on 10 October 2012.ICWRM [Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management]. 2012. Atlas Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Terpadu Wilayah Sungai Citarum. Cooperation between ADB and Bappenas (in Indonesian). Kimwaga RJ, F Bukirwa, N Banadda, UG Walic, I Nhapi and DA Mashauri. 2012. Modelling the impact of land use changes on sediment loading into lakeVictoria using SWAT model: A Case of Simiyu Catchment Tanzania. Open Environ Eng J 5: 66-76.Legowo S, KI Hadihardaja and Azmeri. 2009. Estimation of bank erosion due to reservoir operation in cascade (Case Study: Citarum Cascade Reservoir). ITB J Eng Sci. 41: 148-166.Perum Jasa Tirta II. 2001. Pengalaman Mengelola Bendungan Besar Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Perum Jasa Tirta II. Jatiluhur (in Indonesian).Shi ZH, L Ai, NF Fang and HD Zhu. 2012. Modeling the impacts of integrated small watershed management on soil erosion and sediment delivery: A case study in the Three Gorges Area, China. J Hydrol 438: 156-167.Tukayo RK. 2011. Evaluasi perubahan penggunaan lahan DAS Citarum dan dampaknya terhadap suplai air irigasi. [Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor (in Indonesian).Verhaeghe RJ, B. Adriaanse and SD Tarigan. 2010. Assessment of erosion sensitivity and watershed conservation interventions for Upper Citarum basin. TA 7189-INO: Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). 6Ci’s River Basin Territory, Component B2: Spatial planning.Wang G, H Jiang, Z Hu, L Wang and W Yue. 2012. Evaluating the effect of land use changes on soil erosion and sediment yield using a grid-based distributed modelling approach. Hydrol Processes 23: 35790-3592.Yan B., NF Fang, PC Zhang and ZH She. 2013. Impacts of land use change on watershed stream flow and sediment yield: An assessment using hydrologic modelling and partial least squares regression. J Hydrol 484: 26-37.Yang H H, O Jaafar, A El-Shafie and S Mastura, 2011. Impact of land-use changes toward base-flow regime in Lui and Langkat Dengkil sub-basin. Int J Phys Sci 6: 4690-4976. Zheng H, L Zhang, R Zhu, C Liu, Y Sato and Y Fukushima, 2009. Responses of streamflow to climate and land surface change in the headwaters of the Yellow River Basin. Water Resour Res 45 (W00A19). doi: 10.1029/2007WR006665.

Relationship between Distance Sampling and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation Ai Dariah; Fahmuddin Agus; Erni Susanti; . Jubaedah
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.125-130

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation. The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation. The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory. Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk. Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820. The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux. The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor. After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham. 2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.Amador JA and RD Jones. 1993. Nutrient limitation on microbial respiration in peat soil with diffrent total phosphorus content. Soil Biol Biochem 25: 793-801.Franklin O, P Hoogberg, A Ekbled and GI Agren. 2003. Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK addition: Bomb C-14 modeling and respiration studies. Ecosystem 6: 644-658. Freeman C, N Ostle and H Kang. 2001. An Enzymic ‘latch’ on global carbon store-a shortage of oxigen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme. Nature 409: 149-149.Hanson PJ, NT Edwards, CT Garten and JA Andrew. 2000. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry 48: 115-146.Henson IE, and SH Chai. 1997. Analysis of oil palm productivity. II. Biomass, distribution, productivity and turnover of the root system. Elaeis 9: 78-92.Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2011. Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review. Glob Biogeochem Cycl 25. doi:10.1029/2009GB003718.Howarth RW and SG Fisher. 1976. Carbon, nitrogen, phosporus dynamic during leaf decay in nutrient-enriched stream microecosystems. Freshwater Biol 6: 221-228.Husen E and F Agus. 2011. Microbial activities as affected by peat dryness ans ameliorant. Am J Environ Sci 7: 348-353.Jauhiainen J, A Hooijer and SE Page. 2012. Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences 9: 617–630. DOI:10.5194/bg-9-617-2012.Khalid H, ZZ Zin and JM Anderson. 1999. Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in mature planttation. II Below-ground biomass. J Oil Palm Res 11: 63-71.Knorr KH, MR Oosterwoud and C Blodau. 2008. Experimental drought alters rates of soil respiration and methanogenesis but not carbon exchange in soil of a temperate fen. Soil Biol Biochem 40: 1781-1791.Law BE, FM Kelliher, DD Baldocchi, PM Anthoni, J. Irvine, D. Moore and SV Tuyl. 2001. Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in a young ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought. Agric Forest Meteorol 110: 27-43.Laiho R, J Laine, CC Trettin and L Finner. 2004. Scot pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradient in peat land forest, and the effect of inter-annual weather variation. Soil Biol Biochem 36: 1095-1109.Madsen R, L Xu, B Claassen and D McDermit. 2009. Surface monitoring method for carbon capture and storage projects. Energy Procedia 1: 2161-2168Martoyo K. 1992. Kajian Sifat Fisik Tanah Podsolik untuk Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq) di Sumatera Utara. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).Melling L, R Hatano and KJ Goh. 2007. Nitrous oxide emissions from three ecosystem in tropical peatlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53: 792-805.Minkkinen K, J Laine, NJ Shurpali, P Makiranta, J Alm and T Pentilla. 2007. Heterotropic soil respiration in forestry-drained peatland. Boreal Environ Res 12: 115-126. Murdiyarso D, K Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2010 Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. PNAS 107: 19655-19660.Olsen R, S Linden, R Giesler, and P Hogberg. 2005. Fertilization of boreal forest reduce of both autrotrophic dan heterotrophic soil respiration . Glob Change Biol 11: 1745-1753.Silvola J, J Valijoki and H Aaltonen. 1985. Effect of draining and fertilization on soil respiration at three ameliorated peatland site. Acta For Fem 191: 1-32.Silvola J, J Alm, U Aklholm, H Nykanen and PJ Martikainen. 1996a. Carbon dioxide fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture condition. J Ecol 84: 219-228.Silvola J, J Alm, U. Ahlholm, H Nykanen, and PJ Martikainen. 1996b. The contribution of plant roots to carbon dioxide fluxes from organic soils. Biol Fertil Soils 23: 126-131.Wang W, K Ohseb and J Liuc. 2005. Contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in a C3/C4 mixed grassland. J Bioscience 30: 507-514.

Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation Ai Dariah
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.%p

A carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation was highly varied due to many factors involved. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of sampling distance from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation. The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six-years old oil palm plantation. The study was conducted in the form of observationalexploratory. Emission measurements were performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250,300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk. Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820. The results showed that there was significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux. The farther distance from the tree, the more decreased of Carbon dioxide flux . Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor. After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were not only affected by differences in root distribution but also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration

Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria Joseph Sunday Ogeh; Rotimi Rofus Ipinmoroti
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.93-97

The micronutrient status of the soils and leaf of cocoa, kola, cashew and coffee plantations to study the soil-plant micronutrient content relationship in the plantation soils for proper management towards optimum production of the crops was investigated at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil and leaf samples were collected from these plantations and analyzed according to standard laboratory procedures. The soil samples were analyzed for the micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) and in addition pH, organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents, while the leaves were analyzed for only the micronutrient contents. Results indicated that the soils were sandy loam, acidic, low in organic carbon, deficient in Cu and Mn but very high in Fe and Zn contents. This probably resulted in nutrient imbalance in the soils and the deficiency of the nutrients in the crops. The plantations therefore require application of organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers to rectify the inadequate soil organic matter and to supply sufficient amount of Cu and Mn in the soils, to obtain quality fruit yield at optimum level from the plantations.Keywords: Cashew, cocoa, coffee, kola, micronutrients, sustainable production [How to Cite: Ogeh JS and RR Ipinmoroti. 2013. Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 93-97. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93] REFERENCESAdebiyi S, EO Uwagbue, EA Agbongiarhuoyi, I Ndagi and EO Aigbekaen. 2011. Assessment of agronomic practices among kola farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. World J Agric Sci 7: 400-403.Afolabi CA and NE Egbe. 1984. Yield response of kola to N, P and K fertilizer application: A case study of preliminary trial. Cafe Cacao The 28: 13-16. AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Washington DC: 774-784.Ayanlaja SA. 1983. Rehabilitation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria: Major problem and possible solution. Plant Soil 73: 403-409.CBN [Central Bank of Nigeria]. 2010. Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the year. Abuja, Nigeria. 182 p.Chude VO and GO Obigbesan. 1983. Safe and toxic application rates of boron for cocoa seedlings. Plant Soil 74: 145-147.Egbe NE, EA Ayodele and CR Obatolu. 1989. Soils and nutrition of cocoa, coffee, kola cashew and tea. Prog Tree Crop Res 2: 28-38.Falade JA. 1978. Cashew growing soil in Nigeria. East Afr Agric J 43: 100-105. FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx? PageID=567#ancor. Accessed on 21 January 2010.Ibiremo OS and O Fagbola. 2008. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi inoculation on the growth of cashew seedlings in two soils in Nigeria. Nigerian J Soil Sci 18: 138-146.Ipinmoroti RR, OSO Akanbi, MA Daniel, LA Adebowale, GA Adewoye, EA Makinde and CO Kayode. 2011. Potentials of NPK and organic fertilizers on growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings on degraded typic alfisol soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Agric Sci Tech 1: 876-881.Ipinmoroti RR, P Aikpokpodion and OSO Akanbi. 2009. Nutritional assessment of cocoa plots for soil fertility management on some cocoa farms in Nigeria. Proceedings of 16th International Cocoa Research Conference Held at Grand Hyatt Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, pp 1481-1485.Iremiren GO and AM Ekhomun. 2005. Effects of N fertilizer rates on the performance of maize-okra mixture in an acid sand soil of the Nigerian forest zone. Nigerian J Appl Sci 23: 11-14. McKenzie RH. 2001. Micronutrient requirements of crops. Alberta Agriculture and Rural development http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex713. Acessed on 21 July 2011.Nelson DW and LE Sommers. 1982. Organic carbon and soil extracts In: D L Sparks (ed). Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2- Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph No.9, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539-579.Ogunlade MO, OS Ibiremo, RR Ipinmoroti, CI Iloyanomon and PE Aikpokpodion. 2011. Determination of phosphorus and potassium fixation capacities and fertilizer fctors in soils of three cocoa growing areas of Nigeria. J Soil Nat 5: 11-16.Ogunmoyela OA and CR Obatolu. 1984. Nutrient studies and fertilizer requirements of Nigeria tea. Cafe Cacao The 28: 179-184.Ogunwale JA, JO Olaniyan and MO Aduloju. 2002. Morphological, physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties of soils overlaying basement complex rocks in Ilorin East, Nigeria. Moor J Agric Res 3: 147-154.Ojeniyi SO. 1980. Nutrient studies of NPK treated coffee plots. Plant Soil 56: 175-179.Omotoso TI. 1974. The effect of fertilizer and irrigation on the leaf macronutrient composition of Coffea canephora during a year. Turrialba 24: 315-318.Opeke LK. 1987. Tropical tree crops. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, p 247.Wood GAR and RA Lass. 1985. Cocoa, 4th ed. London: Longman, pp. 620-632.

Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia Gusta Gunawan; Dwita Sutjiningsih; Herr Soeryantono; Soelistiyoweni Widjanarko
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148

The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. Aust J Agric Resour Ec 45: 275-289.Ande OT, Y Alaga and GA Oluwatosin. 2009. Soil erosion prediction using MMF model on highly dissected hilly terrain of Ekiti environs in southwestern Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci 4: 053-057.Arnold JG, BA Engel and R Srinivasan. 1998. A continuous time grid cell watershed model. Proc. of application of Advanced Technology for management of Natural Resources.Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. IPB Press. Bogor-Indonesia (in Indonesian).Asdak C.1995. Hydrology and Watershed Management. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.Barlin RD and ID Moore. 1994. Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: a review. Environ Manage 18: 543-58.Brough PA.1986. Principle of Geographical Information Systems For Land Resources Assessment. Oxford University Press, 194p.Clark B and J Wallace. 2003. Global connections: Canadian and world issues. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, Inc.Cochrane T A and DC Flanagan. 1999. Assessing water erosion in small watershed using WEPP with GIS and digital elevation models. J Soil Water Conserv 54: 678 685.Dames TWg. 1955. The Soils of East Central Java; with a Soil Map 1:250,000. Balai Besar Penjelidikan Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia.Dixon JA, LF Scura, RA Carpenter and PB Sherman. 2004. Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts 2nd ed. Eartscans Publication Ltd., London.Fistikoglu O and NB Harmancioglu. 2002. Integration of GIS with USLE in Assessment of Soil Erosion. Water Resour Manage 16: 447-467.Green K. 1992. Spatial imagery and GIS: integrated data for natural resource management. J Forest 90: 32-36.Hazarika MK and H Honda. 2001. Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS, Its Valuation & Economic Implications on Agricultural Productions. The 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting at Purdue University and the USDA-ARS Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.Hazarika S, R Parkinson, R Bol, L Dixon, P Russell, S Donovan and D Allen. 2009. Effect of tillage system and straw management on organic matter dynamics. Agron Sustain Develop 29: 525-533. doi: 10.1051/agro/2009024. Honda KL, A Samarakoon, Y Ishibashi, Mabuchi and S Miyajima.1996. Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for denudation estimation in Siwalik watershed of Nepal,p. B21-B26. Proc. 17th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Colombo, Sri lanka.Kefi M and K Yoshino. 2010. Evaluation of The Economic Effects of Soil Erosion Risk on Agricultural Productivity Using Remote Sensing: Case of Watershed in Tunisia. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Volume XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan.Kefi M, K Yoshino, K Zayani and H Isoda. 2009. Estimation of soil loss by using combination of Erosion Model and GIS: case of study watersheds in Tunisia. J Arid Land Stud 19: 287-290.Lal R. 1998. Soil erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality: Critical Review. Plant Sci 17: 319-464.Lal. 2001. Soil Degradation by Erosion. Land Degrad Develop12: 519-539.Lanya I. 1996. Evaluasi Kualitas lahan dan Produktivitas Lahan Kering Terdegradasi di Daerah Transmigrasi WPP VII Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Riau. [Disertasi Doktor]. Program Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor (in Indonesian).Mermut AR and H Eswaran. 2001. Some major developments in soil science since the mid 1960s. Geoderma 100: 403-426.Mongkolsawat C, P Thurangoon and Sriwongsa.1994. Soil erosion mapping with USLE and GIS. Proc. Asian Conf. Rem. Sens., C-1-1 to C-1-6.Morgan RPC, Morgan DDV and Finney HJ. 1984. A predictive model for the assessment of erosion risk. J Agric Eng Res 30: 245-253.Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd ed. 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Comparison of soil variability in a detailed and a reconnaissance soil map in central Iran. Geoderma 111: 45-56.Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Eighth Edition. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Washington, D.C.

Changes of Soil Chemical Properties during Rice Straw Decomposition in Different Types of Acid Sulphate Soils Anna Hairani; Ani Susilawati
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.99-103

Organic residues often exhibit different physico-chemical properties and affect the soil ecosystem in different ways. Hence, the study of their impact on soil is essential to benefit from their potential as amendments and to avoid adverse environmental effects. It is required to study the role of rice straw in the changes of soil properties during decomposition processes in the rice field. The research was conducted on potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS) in the glass house. Soil pH, Fe2+, organic-Fe, total N and available P were observed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The result showed that rice straw application : (1) decreased soil pH of PASS and increase soil pH of AASS; (2) tended to increase Fe2+ both in PASS and AASS; (3) stimulated the organic-Fe concentration in AASS was higher than organic-Fe concentration in PASS; (4) had no different effect in total N and decreased P concentration in the both of soil during observation. P concentration on PASS was lower than on AASS.Keywords: Decomposition, rice straw, soil chemical properties, soil type[How to Cite: Hairani A and A Susilawati. 2013.Changes of Soil Chemical Properties during Rice Straw Decomposition in Different Types of Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 99-103. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.99]REFERENCESBalai Penelitian Tanah. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Bogor. p: 136 (in Indonesian).Banach AM, K Banach, RCJH Peters, RHM Jansen, EJW Visser, Z Stepniewska, JGM Roelofs and LPM Lamers. 2009. Effects of long-term flooding on biogeochemistry and vegetation development in floodplains; a mesocosm experiment to study interacting effects of land use and water quality. Biogeosciences 6: 1325-1339. doi:10.5194/bg-6-1325-2009.Bonneville S. 2005. Kinetics of Microbial Fe (III) Oxyhydroxide Reduction : The Role of Mineral Properties. [Dissertation]. Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University. The Netherlands. 117 p.Cayuela ML, T Sinicco and C Mondini. 2009. Mineralization dynamics and biochemical properties during initial decomposition of plant and animal residues in soil. App Soil Ecol 41: 118 -127.De-Campos AB, AL Mamedov and C Huang. 2009. Short-term reducing conditions decrease soil aggregation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 73: 550-559.Dent D. 1986. Acid Sulphate Soils: A Baseline for Research and Development. International Land Reclamation Institute Pub. 39. Wageningen, The Netherlands. 204 p.Dobermann A and T Fairhurst. 2000. Rice: Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management. International Rice Research Institute. Makati city, The Fhillipines. 191 p. Fahmi A, B Radjagukguk and BH Purwanto. 2009. Kelarutan posfat dan ferro pada tanah sulfat masam yang diberi bahan organik jerami padi. J Tanah Trop 14: 119 -125 (in Indonesian).Fahmi A. 2010. Pengaruh pemberian jerami padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa ) di tanah sulfat masam. J Berita Biol 10: 7-14 (in Indonesian). Havlin JL, JD Beaton, SL Tisdale and WL Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers, an introduction to nutrient management. 7th edition. Prentice Hall. 515 p.Indrayati L and A Jumberi. 2002. Pengelolaan jerami padi pada pertanaman padi di lahan pasang surut sulfat masam. In: Pengelolaan Tanaman Pangan Lahan Rawa. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Bogor. Kirk G. 2004. The Biogeochemistry of Submerged Soils. John Willey and Sons. Chicester, England. 291 p.Kongchum M. 2005. Effect of Plant Residue and Water Management Practices on Soil Redox Chemistry, Methane Emission and Rice Productivity. [Dissertation]. Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University. USA. 201 pKyuma K. 2004. Paddy Soil Science. Kyoto University Press dan Trans Pacific Press. Melbourne. Australia. 279 p.Liang X, J Liu, Y Chen, H Li, Y Ye, Z Nie, M Su and Z Xu. 2010. Effect of pH on the release of soil colloidal phosphorus. J Soils Sediments 10: 1548-1556.Lindsay WL. 1979. Chemical Equilibria in Soils. John Willey & Sons. New York. 449 p.Liu C, M Chen and F Li. 2010. Fe(III) reduction in soils from South China. In: RJ Gilkes and N Prakongkep (eds). Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Soil minerals and contaminants, 19th World Congress of Soil Science. Brisbane, Australia, pp.70-73.McIntyre RES, MA Adams, DJ Ford and PF Grierson. 2009. Rewetting and litter addition influence mineralization and microbial communities in soils from a semi-arid intermittent stream. Soil Biol Biochem 41: 92-101.Morris AJ. 2011. Phosphate Binding to Fe and Al in Organic Matter as Affected by Redox Potential and pH. [Dissertation]. Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. 229 p.Olomu MO, GJ Racz and CM Cho. 1973. Effect of flooding on the Eh, pH, and concentrations of Fe and Mn in several manitoba soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 37: 220 -224.Ponnamperuma FN. 1984. Effects of flooding on soils. In: T Kozlawski (ed). Flooding and Plant Growth: Physical Ecology. A Series Monographs, Text and Treatises. Academic Press Inc. Harcourt Brace Javanovich Publisher, USA, pp. 10-45. Reddy KR and RD Delaune. 2008. The Biogeochemistry of Wetland; Science and Application. CRC Press. New York.Rukhsana F, C Butterly, J Baldock and C Tang. 2010. Model carbon compounds differ in their effects on pH change of soils with different initial pH. In: RJ Gilkes and N Prakongkep (eds). 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 160-163.Syahrawat KL. 2006. Organic matter and mineralizable nitrogen relationships in wetland rice soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 37: 787-796. Wagai R and LM Mayer. 2007. Sorptive stabilization of organik matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides. Geochim Cosmochim Act 71: 25-35.Watanabe I. 1984. Anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in flooded rice soils. In: Organic Matter and Rice. Intenational Rice Research Institute. Los Banos Laguna, Philippines, pp. 237-258.Wickham TH and VP Singh. 1978. Water movement through wet soils. Soil and Rice. International Rice Research Institute. Los Baños, Philippines, pp. 337- 358.

Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields Muhajir Utomo; Irwan Sukri Banuwa; Henrie Buchari; Yunita Anggraini; . Berthiria
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.131-139

The impact of agricultural intensification on soil degradation now is occurring in tropical countries. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage and N fertilization on soil properties and crop yields in corn-soybean rotation. This long-term study which initiated since 1987 was carried out on a Typic Fragiudult soil at Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatra (105o13’45.5"-105o13’48.0"E, 05o21’19.6"-05o21’19.7"S) in 2010 and 2011. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage system namely intensive tillage (IT) and conservation tillage (CT) which consist of minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT); while the second factor was N fertilization with rates of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean. The results showed that bulk density and soil strength at upper layer after 24 years of cropping were similar among treatments, but the soil strength under IT at 50-60 cm depth was 28.2% higher (p<0.05) than NT. Soil moisture and temperature under CT at 0-5 cm depth were respectively 38.1% and 4.5% higher (p<0.05) than IT. High N rate decreased soil pH at 0-20 cm depth as much as 10%, but increased total soil N at 0-5 cm depth as much as 19% (p<0.05). At 0-10 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable K, while IT with medium N rate had the lowest (p<0.05). At 0-5 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable Ca, but it had the lowest (p<0.05) if combined with higher N rate. Microbial biomass C throughout the growing season for NT was consistently highest and it was 14.4% higher (p<0.05) than IT. Compared to IT, Ap horizon of CT after 24 years of cropping was deeper, with larger soil structure and more abundance macro pores. Soybean and corn yields for long-term CT were 64.3% and 31.8% higher (p<0.05) than IT, respectively. Corn yield for long-term N with rate of 100 kg N ha-1 was 36.4% higher (p<0.05) than with no N.Keywords: Conservation tillage, crop yields, N fertilization, soil properties[How to Cite: Utomo M, IS Banuwa, H Buchari, Y Anggraini and Berthiria. 2013.Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 131-139. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131] REFERENCESAl-Kaisi and X Yin. 2005. Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon dioxide emission in corn- soybean rotation. J Environ Qual 34: 437-445. Pub Med. Barak P, BO Jobe, AR Krueger, LA Peterson and DA Laird. 1997. Effects of long-term soilacidification due to nitrogen inputs in Wisconsin. Plant Soil 197: 61-69.Blake GR and KH Hartge. 1986. Bulk density. In: A Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 363-375.Blanco-Canqui H and R Lal. 2008. No-till and soil-profile carbon sequestration: an on farm assessment. Soil Sci Soc Am J 72: 693-701. Blanco-Canqui H, LR Stone and PW Stahlman. 2010. Soil response to long-term cropping systems on an Argiustoll in the Central Great Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74: 602-611.Blevins RL, MS Smith, GW Thomas and WW Frye. 1983. Influence of conservation tillage on soil properties. J Soil Water Conserv 38: 301-305.Blevins RL, GW Thomas and PL Cornelius. 1977 Influence of no-tillage and nitrogen fertilization on certain soil properties after 5 years of continuous corn. Agron J 69: 383-386.Blevins, RL and WF Frye, 1993. Conservation tillage: an ecological approach to soil management. Adv Agron 51: 34-77.Brady NC and RR Weil. 2008. The nature and properties of soils. Pearson Prentice Hall. Fourteenth Edition. New Jersey, 965 p.Brito-Vega, H, D Espinosa-Victoria, C Fragoso, D Mendoza, N De la Cruz Landaro and A Aldares-Chavez. 2009. Soil organic particle and presence of earthworm under different tillage systems. J Biol Sci 9: 180-183.Derpch, R 1998. Historical review of no-tilage cultivation of crops. JIRCAS Working Rep. JAPAN Int Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan 13: 1-18. Diaz-Zorita, M., JH Grove, L Murdock, J Herbeck and E Perfect. 2004. Soil structural disturbance effects on crop yields and soil properties in a no-till production system. Agron J 96: 1651-1659.Dickey EC, PJ Jasa and RD Grisso. 1994. Long-term tillage effect on grain yield and soil properties in a soybean/grain sorghum Rotation. J Prod Agric 7: 465 - 470.Edwards WM, LD, Norton, CE, Redmond. 1988. Characterizing macro pores that affect infiltration into non tilled soil. 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Conservation tillage for sustainable agriculture: tropics versus temperate environment. Adv Agron 42: 85-197.Lal R. 1997. Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2 enrichment. Soil Till Res 43: 81-107.Lal R. 2007. Soil science in a changing climate. CSA New 52: 1-9.Mallory J J, RH Mohtar, GC Heathman, DG Schulze and E Braudeau. 2011. Evaluating the effect of tillage on soil structural properties using the pedostructure concept. Geoderma 163: 141-149. doi:10.1016/ j.geoderma. 2011.01.018. 9p.Paustian K, HP Collins and EA Paul. 1997. Management control on soil carbon. In: EA Paul, ET Elliot, K Paustian and CV Cole (eds). Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agro-ecosystems: Long-term Experiment in North America. CRC Press, pp. 15-50.Rasmussen, KJ. 1999. Impact of ploughless soil tillage on yield and soil quality: A Scandinavian review. Soil Till Res 53: 3-14.Quintero M. 2009. 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Synergism of Wild Grass and Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria in Petroleum Biodegradation Gofar, Nuni
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.161-168

The concept of plants and microbes utilization for remediation measure of pollutant contaminated soil is the newest development in term of petroleum waste management technique. The research objective was to obtain wild grass types and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which are capable to synergize in decreasing petroleum concentration within petroleum contaminated soil. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. The first factor treatments were consisted of without plant, Tridax procumbens grass and Lepironia mucronata grass. The second factor treatments were consisted of without bacterium, single bacterium of Alcaligenes faecalis, single bacterium of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and mixed bacteria of Alcaligenes faecalis with P. alcaligenes. The results showed that mixed bacteria (A.Â faecalis and P. alcaligenes) were capable to increase the crown and roots dry weights of these two grasses, bacteria population, percentage of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) decrease as well as TPH decrease and better pH value than that of single bacterium. The highest TPH decrease with magnitude of 70.1% was obtained on treatment of L. mucronata grass in combination with mixed bacteria.[How to Cite: Gofar N. 2013.Synergism of Wild Grass and Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria in Petroleum Biodegradation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 161-168. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161]REFERENCESBello YM. 2007. Biodegradation of Lagoma crude oil using pig dung.Â Afr J Biotechnol 6: 2821-2825.Gerhardt KE, XD Huang, BR Glick and BM Greenberg. 2009. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants: Potential and challenges. Plant Sci 176: 20-30.Glick BR. 2010. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation.Â Biotechnol Adv 28: 367-374. Gofar N. 2011.Â Characterization of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposing fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere.Â J Trop Soils 16(1): 39-45. doi: 10.5400/jts.2011.16.1.39Gofar N. 2012. Aplikasi isolat bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik asal rhizosfer mangrove pada tanah tercemar minyak bumi. J Lahan Suboptimal 1: 123-129 (in Indonesian). Hong WF, IJ Farmayan, CY Dortch, SK Chiang and JL Schnoor. 2001. Environ Sci Technol 35: 1231.Khashayar T and T Mahsa. 2010.Â Biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons by bacterial diversity in soil. Morld App Sci J 8: 750-755.Lal B and S Khanna. 1996. Degradation of Crude Oil by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Alcaligenes odorans, J Appl Bacteriol 81: 355- 362.Mackova M, D Dowling and T Macek. 2006. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation: Theoretical background. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 300 p. Malik ZA and S Ahmed.Â 2012. 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Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and some cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in a crude oil polluted soil and possible phytoremediation by Cynodon dactylon L (Bermuda grass). J Environ Earth Sci 2: 12-17.Pezeshki SR, MW Hester, Q Lin and JA Nyman.Â 2000.Â The effect of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf Coast Marsh Macrophytes: a review.Â Environ Pollution 108: 129-139.Pikoli MR, P Aditiawati and DI Astuti. 2000. Isolasi bertahap dan identifikasi isolat bakteri termofilik pendegradasi minyak bumi dari sumur bangko. Laporan Penelitian pada Jurusan Biologi, ITB, Bandung (unpublished, in Indonesian).Pilon-Smits E and JL Freeman. 2006. Environmental cleanup using plants: biotechnological advances and ecological considerations. Front Ecol Environ 4: 203-10. Rahman KSM, JT Rahman, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy, and IM Banat. 2002. Towards efficient crude oil degradation by a mixed bacterial consortium. Bioresource Technol 85: 257-261.Rossiana N.Â 2004. Oily Sludge Bioremediation with Zeolite and Microorganism and Itâ€™s Test with Albizia Plant (Paraserianthes falcataria) L (Nielsen). Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology Padjadjaran University, Bandung (unpublished).Rossiana, N.Â 2005.Â Penurunan Kandungan Logam Berat dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L (Nielsen) Bermikoriza dalam Media Limbah Lumpur Minyak Hasil Ekstraksi. Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biologi Lingkungan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Padjajaran, BandungÂ (in Indonesian).Sathishkumar M, B Arthur Raj, B Sang-Ho, and Y Sei-Eok. 2008. Biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated areas clean. Ind J Biotechnol 36: 92-96.Shirdam R, AD Zand, GN Bidhendi and N Mehrdadi.Â 2008. 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Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Bakteri dan Kapang Hidrokarbonoklastik dari Kawasan Mangrove Tercemar Minyak Bumi. [Disertasi]. Universitas Sriwijaya (in Indonesian).

Spatial Variability of Soil Inherent Fertility Status at Irrigation Rice Field in Waeapo Plain, Buru Regency Susanto, Andriko Noto
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.115-124

Analysis and interpretation of spatial variability soils properties are a basis in site-specific nutrients management. Evaluation inherent potentiality (IP) of soil fertility status is the method to know variability of soil fertility and spatial distribution at the area. Evaluation of IP was conducted by mathematical calculation to eleven soil properties namely total C, total N, N-NH4+, total P, P-Bray 1, P (extract HCl 25%), [Ca+Mg]-exch., K-exch., CEC, available Si, and sand content. Result of IP evaluation in Waeapo plain indicated that from the total rice field area of 25,848.83 ha, 75.64% or 19,552.44 ha showed very low IP class, and the rest for the width of 6,296.39 ha or 24.36% had low IP class. Content of C-total, N-total, N-NH4+, P2O5 total, P2O5 extracted by HCl 25%, available P2O5 and Si was not limited IP, because they were all classified as moderate class. Limiting factor of very low and low IP was a combination of three elements of [Ca+Mg]-exch., K-exch, and CEC. Increasing CEC and availability of K with addition of ameliorant such as organic materials, calcite, zeolite and dolomite would improve IP status class.Keywords: Buru Island, inherent potentiality of soil fertility, rice, Waeapo Plain[How to Cite: Susanto AN and BH Sunarminto. 2013.Spatial Variability of Soil Inherent Fertility Status at Irrigation Rice Field in Waeapo Plain, Buru Regency. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 115-124. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.115][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.115]Â REFERENCESAl-Jabri M. 2008. Kajian metode penetapan kapasitas tukar kation zeolit sebagai pembenah tanah untuk lahan pertanian terdegradasi. J Standardisasi 10: 56-63Â (in Indonesian). Davatgar N, Neishabouri MR, Sepaskhah AR. 2012. Delineation of site specific nutrient management zones for a paddy cultivated area based on soil fertility using fuzzy clustering. Geoderma 173: 111-118.Doberman A and T Fairhurst. 2000.Â Rice: Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. 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Characteristics of Soil Fauna Communities and Habitat in Small- Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid; Tati Suryati Syamsudin; Franciscus Xaverius Susilo; Endah Sulistyawati; Hasbullah Syaf
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol 18, No 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.149-159

The composition of the soil fauna community have played an important role in regulating decomposition and nutrient cycling in agro-ecosystems (include cocoa plantation). Changes in food availability and conditions in the soil habitat can affected the abundance and diversity of soil fauna. This study aimed: (i) to analyze the pattern of changes in soil fauna community composition and characteristic of soil habitat based on the age increasing of cocoa plantation, and (ii) to identify taxa of soil fauna and factors of soil habitat which differentiate among the cocoa plantations. Sampling of soil, roots and soil fauna was conducted from cocoa plantation aged 4, 5, 7, 10, and 16years. Difference in composition of the soil fauna community between ages of the cocoa plantation is significant. Profile of soil habitats was differ significantly between the cocoa plantations, except 5 and 7 years aged. A group of soil fauna has relatively limited in its movement, and sensitively to changes in temperature, soil acidity, and the availability of food and nitrogen are taxa differentiating between soil fauna communities. Soil physic-chemical conditions that affect metabolic activity, movement, and the availability of food for soil fauna is a distinguishing factor of the characteristics of the soil habitat between different ages of smallholder cocoa plantations.Keywords: Abundance, arthropod, composition, nematodes[How to Cite: Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, F X Susilo, E Sulistyawati and H Syaf. 2013.Characteristics of Soil Fauna Communities and Habitat in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 149-159. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.149][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.149]REFERENCESAdejuyigbe CO, G Tian and GO Adeoye.1999. Soil microarthropod populations under natural and planted fallows in Southwestern Nigeria. 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Contact Name
Dermiyati

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dermiyati.1963@fp.unila.ac.id

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Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandarlampung 35145, Indonesia

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Lampung

INDONESIA